The Church, expert in humanity, has a perennial interest in whatever concerns men and women. In recent times, much reflection has been given to the question of the dignity of women and to women's rights and duties in the different areas of civil society and the Church. Having contributed to a deeper understanding of this fundamental question, in particular through the teaching of John Paul II, the Church is called today to address certain currents of thought, which are often at variance with the authentic advancement of women. After a brief presentation and critical evaluation of some current conceptions of human nature, this document will offer reflections-inspired by the doctrinal elements of the biblical vision of the human person that are indispensable for safeguarding his or her identity, on some of the essentials of a correct understanding of active collaboration, in recognition of the difference between men and women in the Church and in the world.